Dinosaur Rise again ????? 60 mn years of global warming triggered rise of reptiles

Sixty million years of climate change triggered the meteoric rise of reptiles around 250 million years ago, not a mass extinction of mammals as previously thought, a new Harvard University-led study has said.

For the longest time, this flourish was explained by their competition being wiped out by two of the biggest mass extinction events (around 261 and 252 million years ago) in the history of the planet. Harvard palaeontologist Stephanie Pierce's research shows that the evolution and diversification, seen in early reptiles, not only started years before these mass extinction events, but instead were directly driven by what caused them in the first place, rising global temperatures due to climate change.

"Climate change actually directly triggered the adaptive response of reptiles to help build this vast array of new body plans and the explosion of groups that we see in the Triassic," said Tiago R. Simoes, a postdoctoral fellow in the Pierce lab and lead author on the study. In the paper, published in the journal Science Advances, the researchers provided a close look at how a large group of organisms evolve because of climate change, which is especially pertinent today as temperatures continually rise.

The study involved close to eight years of data collection as Simees travelled to over 20 countries and more than 50 different museums to take scans and snapshots of more than 1,000 reptilian fossils. The dataset showed that rises in global temperatures, which started at about 270 million years ago and lasted until at least 240 million years ago, were followed by rapid body changes in most reptile lineages. For instance, some of the larger cold-blooded animals evolved to become smaller so they could cool down easier; others evolved to life in water for that same effect.

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Caterpillar-like bacteria crawling in our mouth

E volution of longitudinal division and multicellularity in oral bacteria LAVAL, QC , Aug. 22, 2022 /CNW Telbec/ - Likely to survive in the oral cavity, bacteria evolved to divide along their longitudinal axis without parting from one another. A research team co-led by Professor Frédéric Veyrier, microbial geneticist from the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), and Professor Silvia Bulgheresi environmental cell biologist from the University of Vienna , just published their new insights in Nature Communications . In their work , they described the division mode of these caterpillar-like bacteria and their evolution from a rod-shaped ancestor. They propose to establish Neisseriaceae oral bacteria as new model organisms that could help pinpoint new antimicrobial targets. Scanning electron microscopy image of caterpillar-like bacterium Simonsiella muelleri ( family Neisseriaceae)Crédit : Sammy Nyongesa and ...

A Comparison between LIC Vs PPF

LicWalaDada Basis of Difference PPF LIC Policy Purpose Savings and investment Insurance and risk protection Returns 7.1% p.a., compounded annually Depends on the policy, usually 4%-6% Tenure 15 years Flexible tenure, as chosen by the subscriber Premature closure Not allowed Allowed with penalties Regulatory authority Central Government Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Deposit amount The minimum is INR 500 and maximum is INR 1,50,000 Premiums are fixed and not flexible for LIC Liquidity PPF allows partial withdrawals from 7th year and a loan facility from 3rd year Insurance policies have a lock-in period of 3 years, after which the policy can be encashed Taxation PPP falls under the EEE category. Hence the investment, interest, and redemption corpus are completely tax free. The premium paid is tax free if it is less than 10% of the sum assured. The death benefit is also tax free. LicWalaDada

LIC vs Mutual Funds – Key Differences Between LIC and Mutual Funds

Parameter Life Insurance Mutual Fund Meaning Life insurance provides protection to a family against unforeseen events like death. A mutual fund is an investment option that helps in generating significant returns through investing in market-linked instruments. Purpose The main purpose of a life insurance policy is to safeguard the financial future of dependents. The primary motive for mutual fund investments is to generate significant returns for long term financial goals. Risk Life insurance is less risky in comparison to mutual funds. However, it offers guaranteed death benefits. Mutual funds are market-linked investments, and hence are highly volatile. Returns LIC schemes offer low returns. Mutual funds offer significant returns in the long term. Long durations help in addressing the market volatility. Tax Benefits Premium payments up to INR 1.5 lakhs qualify for tax exemption under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Only investment in ELSS mutual funds qualify for...

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